Answer
Do you need a company to run a crowdfunding campaign?
Short answer
Not to open one here — an individual can run a campaign. Whether you should is a different question, and it turns on tax and liability rather than on our requirements.
The platform asks for a verified identity and an account that can receive funds, not a company registration. Plenty of successful reward campaigns are run by one person making one thing, and requiring a company before anybody knows whether the project can fund would be the wrong order.
The question that matters is what happens to the money once it arrives. Reward crowdfunding is generally treated as income or as pre-sale revenue rather than as a gift, which means it is usually taxable and may bring VAT obligations depending on where you and your backers are. Doing that as an individual is possible; doing it at scale is where people typically want a company between themselves and the liability.
There is a second reason that has nothing to do with tax. You are promising to deliver something to strangers, and if it goes badly the obligation is personal when you are personally the campaign. A company does not remove the obligation, but it changes who carries it.
We do not give tax or legal advice and this page is not it. If the amount is meaningful, an hour with an accountant in your own country before you launch is the cheapest part of the whole project — and the answer depends on your situation in ways no general page can cover.