Answer
How do you spot a crowdfunding scam?
Short answer
Look for a named person who can be found elsewhere, a plan specific enough to be wrong, and a promised return. The first two being absent and the third being present is the pattern almost every crowdfunding scam shares.
The promised return is the loudest signal, and it is worth treating as disqualifying on its own. Reward crowdfunding pays no financial return, so a campaign offering one is either misdescribing itself or is not reward crowdfunding at all. Doubling your money, guaranteed profit and passive income are not things a project on this kind of platform can honestly offer.
Then look at the person. A real founder has a history somewhere: a company, a portfolio, a university, previous work, a name that returns something when searched. A campaign whose creator exists only inside that campaign is asking for money from behind a curtain.
Then look at the specificity. Genuine plans contain numbers that could turn out to be wrong: what the money buys, in what order, by when, and what happens if a supplier is late. Scams stay vague because detail is what gets checked, so they lean on adjectives and renderings instead.
Two habits are worth more than any checklist. Never move a conversation off the platform, because pressure to pay by direct transfer to a wallet is the point at which the escrow protecting you is bypassed. And nobody legitimate will ever ask for your recovery phrase, for any reason, including someone claiming to be us.